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:''"Video chat", "video call", "Picturephone", and "Visiophone" redirect here. This article discusses the telecommunication technology that originated in the late-1920s; for other variants see Videoconferencing and Videotelephony A videophone is a telephone with a video display, capable of simultaneous video and audio for communication between people in real-time. Videophone service provided the first form of videotelephony, later to be followed by videoconferencing, webcams, and finally high-definition telepresence. At the dawn of its commercial deployment from the 1950s through the 1990s, videotelephony also included 'image phones' which would exchange still images between units every few seconds over conventional POTS-type telephone lines, essentially the same as slow scan TV systems. The development of advanced technology video codecs and high bandwidth Internet telecommunication services allowed videophones to provide high quality colour service between users almost anyplace in the world that the Internet is available, often at low or nominal costs. In the present day videophones have become widely available at reasonable cost, although not widely used in everyday communications for a variety of reasons. However, they are particularly useful to the deaf and speech-impaired who can use them with sign language, and are becoming increasingly popular for educational instruction, telemedicine and to those with mobility issues. == Descriptive names and terminology == The name 'videophone' never became as standardized as its earlier counterpart 'telephone', resulting in a variety of names and terms being used worldwide, and even within the same region or country. Videophones are also known as 'video phones', 'videotelephones' (or 'video telephones') and often by an early trademarked name ''Picturephone'', which was the world's first commercial videophone produced in volume. The compound name 'videophone' slowly entered into general use after 1950,〔 (Videophone definition ), Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved April 13, 2009 〕 although 'video telephone' likely entered the lexicon earlier after ''video'' was coined in 1935.〔 (Video definition ), Online Etymology Dictionary〕 ''Videophone calls'' (also: ''videocalls'', ''video chat''〔''PC Magazine''. (Definition: Video Calling ), PC Magazine website. Retrieved August 19, 2010〕 as well as ''Skype'' and ''Skyping'' in verb form〔Howell, Peter. (The Lasting Appeal of 2001: A Space Odyssey ), ''Toronto Star'' website, November 1, 2014; also published in print as "Forever 2001: Why Stanley Kubrick's Sci-Fi Masterpience Is More Popular Now Than In 1968", November 1, 2014, p. E1, E10. Retrieved November 2, 2014 from TheStar.com. Quote: "Public esteem and critical estimation of 2001 has grown steadily ever since, even as the title date has come and gone with very few of its far-out advancements having been realized — although.... innovations like iPads and Skyping have finally caught up with Kubrick’s view of future living. (actor ) Lockwood marvels at how he’s now able to Skype his wife and daughter, just as he does his movie parents in the space-to-Earth communication scene in 2001."〕), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups.〔 Mulbach, 1995. Pg. 291. 〕 However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clients that can allow for multiple parties on a call. In general everyday usage the term ''videoconferencing'' is now frequently used instead of ''videocall'' for point-to-point calls between two units. Both videophone calls and videoconferencing are also now commonly referred to as a ''video link''. ''Webcams'' are popular, relatively low cost devices which can provide live video and audio streams via personal computers, and can be used with many software clients for both video calls and videoconferencing.〔 Solomon Negash, Michael E. Whitman. Editors: Solomon Negash, Michael E. Whitman, Amy B. Woszczynski, Ken Hoganson, Herbert Mattord. (Handbook of Distance Learning for Real-Time and Asynchronous Information Technology Education ), Idea Group Inc (IGI), 2008, p. 17, ISBN 1-59904-964-3, ISBN 978-1-59904-964-9. Note costing: "....students had the option to install a webcam on their end (a basic webcam costs about $40.00) to view the class in session."〕 A ''videoconference system'' is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A ''videoconference'' (also known as a ''videoteleconference'') allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit. Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications.〔 Lawson, Stephen. (Vidyo Packages Conferencing For Campuses ), IDG News Service, February 16, 2010. Retrieved via Computerworld.com's website, February 18, 2010 〕〔 Jackman, Elizabeth. (New Video Conferencing System Streamlines Firefighter Training ), Peoria, Arizona: Peoria Times, February 19, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010; 〕 A separate webpage article is devoted to videoconferencing. A ''telepresence system'' is a high-end videoconferencing system and service usually employed by enterprise-level corporate offices. Telepresence conference rooms use state-of-the art room designs, video cameras, displays, sound-systems and processors, coupled with high-to-very-high capacity bandwidth transmissions. Typical use of the various technologies described above include calling or conferencing on a one-on-one, one-to-many or many-to-many basis for personal, business, educational, deaf Video Relay Service and tele-medical, diagnostic and rehabilitative use or services. New services utilizing videocalling and videoconferencing, such as teachers and psychologists conducting online sessions,〔 USA Today. ''"Video Chat Growing by Light-Year Leaps''", ''USA Today'', March 31, 2010, p. L01d. 〕 personal videocalls to inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries, and videoconferencing to resolve airline engineering issues at maintenance facilities, are being created or evolving on an ongoing basis. Other names for ''videophone'' that have been used in English are: ''Viewphone'' (the British Telecom equivalent to AT&T's Picturephone),〔 and ''visiophone'', a common French translation that has also crept into limited English usage, as well as over twenty less common names and expressions. Latin-based translations of ''videophone'' in other languages include ''vidéophone'' (French), ''Bildtelefon'' (German), ''videotelefono'' (Italian), both ''videófono'' and ''videoteléfono'' (Spanish), both ''beeldtelefoon'' and ''videofoon'' (Dutch), and ''videofonía'' (Catalan). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Videophone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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